Granular media: sand, gravel, and silica, are key in water treatment for filtering suspended particles, resulting in cleaner water.
Activated carbon:in granular or powdered form, absorbs organic compounds that cause odor, taste, or color in water and is used in water purification, including drinking water and swimming pools.
Disinfection with chlorine compounds: is common for killing bacteria and viruses, but it is often combined with granular media or activated carbon for better purification. These steps are essential in water filtration, especially when more stringent purification is required for health.
To obtain purified water, the process begins by sourcing water from rainfall, groundwater, lakes, or rivers, which is then stored in special tanks.
Pre-treatment :involves passing raw water through sieves to remove large solids like debris and garbage.
Condensation :agents are added to adjust the water’s pH.
Water filtration :uses materials like silica sand or activated carbon to further purify the water.
Reverse osmosis: is a highly effective filtration method that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate dissolved solids, resulting in a purified water with low dissolved solids content. Doultonfilteringsystem is a leading RO plant provider in Pakistan.
Nanofiltration: uses a nonporous membrane to remove polyvalent ions and disinfect water with low dissolved solids.
Ultrafiltration: uses membranes that are tighter than microfiltration but looser than nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, operating at low pressure to reduce costs and extend membrane life.
Microfiltration:uses a microporous medium to remove suspended solids with pore sizes from 0.1 to 1 micron, commonly done with cartridge filters, disc filtration, and deep bed filters.
Filter media :refers to materials that allow certain components of a mixture to pass through while blocking others, essential for separating particles from liquids with minimal energy use.
Tap water: often requires purification, like reverse osmosis (RO), to make it suitable for drinking and industrial use, ensuring clean and safe water for various applications.
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